BitLocker Drive Encryption typically requires a Trusted Platform Module (TPM) for enhanced security during system startup. Enabling it without TPM is possible by modifying specific Group Policy settings, which is necessary for devices lacking TPM hardware. This approach relies on alternative authentication methods like passwords or USB keys, but comes with reduced security.
Group Policy Configuration Steps
- Open the Group Policy Editor by typing in the Run dialog (Win + R) and press Enter.
- Navigate to Computer Configuration > Administrative Templates > Windows Components > BitLocker Drive Encryption > Operating System Drives.
- Double-click the policy named Require additional authentication at startup.
- Set the policy to Enabled.
- In the options pane, check the box for Allow BitLocker without a compatible TPM.
- Configure additional startup authentication, such as selecting Require startup PIN with TPM or Require startup key with TPM based on your security needs.
- Click Apply and OK, then force a policy update by running gpupdate /force in Command Prompt.
Important Considerations
- Security Risk: Using BitLocker without TPM weakens protection, as it depends on user-managed credentials like passwords or USB keys, which are vulnerable to theft or brute-force attacks.
- System Requirements: Ensure the device runs a supported Windows version (e.g., Windows 10 Pro/Enterprise or Windows 11) and has a compatible BIOS/UEFI configuration.
- Limited Scenarios: Apply this only when TPM is unavailable and physical security controls are robust to minimize exposure.
- Testing and Validation: After enabling, verify the settings in Group Policy before initiating BitLocker encryption through Control Panel or PowerShell.
Once configured, proceed with BitLocker encryption via the standard wizard, selecting non-TPM methods during setup. Monitor and audit regularly for compliance.
